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강연·세미나

[세미나 발제] 영웅? 또는 배신자? (양칠성 세미나)

beautician 2019. 8. 16. 12:00




인도네시아 독립전쟁  네덜란드군에 맞서 싸우다가 포로가 되어 1949 8 10 가룻에서 처형된  명의 일본인이 가룻의 뗀졸라야(Tenjolaya) 영웅묘지로 이장된 것은 1975년의 일이고 그들  야나카와 시치세이가 사실은 양칠성이라는 이름의 조선인이라는 사실이 확인되어 교민사회는 물론 대사관 차원에서 나서 대대적인 묘비 교체식을  것이 1995년의 일입니다그후 24년이  지난 오늘날 히스토리카 인도네시아가 가룻에 양칠성로’ 명명식을 추진하는 가운데 한국인 사회에서는 양칠성에 호불호가 갈리고 일각에서는 그를 배신자로 폄하하기도 합니다.

도무지 이해할  없는 이런 상황은  벌어졌을까요한국과 인도네시아의 독립영웅 양칠성을  사뭇 껄끄러워하는 걸까요저는 요즘 날로 악화되고 있는 한국과 일본 사이의 역사를 통해 이를 설명하고자 합니다.


It was 1975 when those 3 foreigners’ tombs were moved to Taman Makam Pahlawan Tenjolaya in Garut. And it was 1995 when one of those 3 Japanese people was actually a Korean guy named Yang Chilsung so that local Korean community and Korea Embassy made all arrangements to successfully replace his tombstone with the new one with his Korean name engraved on. Since then, 24 years have passed. Historika Indonesia has illuminated him for couple years as one of warriors against Dutch army during Indonesian Independence war. But some Koreans do not really welcome him. Some even say that Yang Chilsung is a pro-Japanese traitor.

How can it be possible? Why are some of Koreans that much reluctant to rate him positively? I would like to explain it to you through what have happened between Korea and Japan in the meantime. 




그래서 오늘 발표할 요점은 일본과 일제 강점기에 대해 가지고 있는 한국인들의 감정이  인도네시아인들이 일본과 일제 강점기에 대해 가지고 있는 감정과 크게 다른지를 설명하는 것입니다 이유를 알면 한국인들과 인도네시아인들은 더욱 서로를  이해할  있을 것입니다그리고 이를 통해  오늘날 한국과 일본은 경제적 대결국면으로 치닫고 있는지그리고  일부 한국인들이 양칠성을 불편해하는지를   있을 것입니다.


I would like to tell you why Koreans’ sentiment toward Japan and Japanese Occupation era is so much different from that of Indonesians. If you understand that difference, that you will also understand why Korea and Japan are clashing each other during these couple of months and why part of Koreans are that reluctant to rate Yang Chilsung positively.

 

 


 

일단 우리 집안 얘기로 시작하려 합니다.


First of all I will start with my family affairs.




  생긴 남자는 배호용이란 분입니다저희 집안엔 유독 미남미녀가 많은데 모두   DNA 덕택이라 생각합니다 날카로운 턱선을 보세요.

 분은  할아버지이십니다독실한 기독교인이셨고 마을사람들의 리더였습니다그러다가 태평양전쟁이 한창이던 1943 배호용 할아버지는 33세의 나이로 마을사람들과 함께 일제의 강제징용에 끌려가 일본 시코쿠의 뎃시광산(뎃시코산)에서 일하게 됩니다당시 한국은 일본에게 주권을 뺏긴 식민지였습니다인도네시아가 오랜 기간 네덜란드의 식민지였던 것처럼요돌아올 기약도 없이 군함도나 남양군도 같은 험한 곳으로 끌려간 다른 징용자들에 비해 할아버지의 처지도 그리 나을  없었지만 다행히 2 만에 징용기간을 마치고 귀국 길에 오르게 됩니다시코쿠를 출발한 할아버지 일행은 혼슈의 히로시마를 거쳐 배를 타고 한반도 부산항으로 들어갈 예정이었습니다할아버지는 인원을 나눠 1진은 곧바로 히로시마 항구로 향했고 할아버지를 포함한 2진은 다음 배를 타기로 하고 도시 복판 여인숙에 자리를 받았습니다.

하필이면 그곳이 히로시마였고 하필이면 그날이1945 8 6일이었습니다.



This good-looking man’s name is Bae Ho Yong. He is my grandfather. Look at his sharp jaw line. In Marga Bae, we have many cute boys and beautiful girls. Perhaps because of his outstandingly handsome DNA.

 He was taken by Japan as a forced labourer (Romusha) in 1943. 2 years before the end of Pacific War. At that time, the sovereignty of Korea was taken by Japan so, Korea was Japan’s colony. He was forced to work at Detsi Kosan (Detsi Mine) in Shikoku island Japan. Hundreds of thousands of Korean romusha couldn’t come back to their family but my grandfather fortunately got the chance to go back to his hometown where his beautiful wife and children were waiting for him. He brought bunch of his friends out of the mine and went to a harbour city in Honshu island. 1st group went directly to the harbour and my grandfather’s 2nd group was supposed to take the next vessel couple days later. So he went into a small inn there with this friends.

Problem was: it was 6 August 1945 and that harbour city was Hiroshima.



고공으로 날아든 미국 전폭기  대가 히로시마 상공에 작은 폭탄을 하나 떨궜습니다훗날 리틀보이라고 알려진  폭탄은 처음으로 실전에 사용된 원자폭탄이었습니다눈이  듯한 섬광과 고열폭풍 같은 파동은 도시를 휩쓸었고 할아버지 일행이 묶던 숙소는 흔적도 남지 않았습니다할아버지는 죽음을 체감할 틈도없이 원폭 폭발 그라운드 제로에서 아무런 유품도 남기지 못하고 증발해 버리고 말았습니다.

그래서 지난 2019 8 6일은 저희 할아버지가 히로시마에서 희생된  74주기 되는 날입니다.

 

Early in the morning, one American bomber showed up in the sky and dropped a small black bomb. This bomb is now known as ‘little boy’, the 1st atomic bomb ever practically used in the war. Absurdly huge explosion, blindingly bright glare and tremendous shockwave, hell-like heat of thousands of degrees of temperature and fatal nuclear radiation thoroughly destroyed the city and the lives in it. My grandfather’s inn was too near to the ground zero. He and his friends were simply evaporated at the explosion.

So, last 6 of August 2019 was 74th anniversary of my grandfather’s death.

 



히로시마는 이와 같이 철저히 파괴되었습니다.

할아버지보다 앞서 히로시마 항에서 귀국선을 기다리던 1진도 처참한 화상을 입었고 전쟁이 완전히 끝난  그중 불과 일부만 한국에 돌아갈  있었습니다그들 중에도 성한 이들이 없었습니다.


Hiroshima was totally devastated.

My grandfather’s other friends in the 1st group who went directly to the harbour were also badly burned by heat and damaged by the radiation. Some of them managed to come back to hometown in Korea and reported my grandfather’s death to my grandmother.




히로시마에 원자폭탄이 떨어진  사흘 후인 1945 8 9 큐슈의 나가사키에도  하나의 핵폭탄이 떨어지면서 일본의 전쟁의지를 완전히 꺾어 놓고 말았습니다일본은 8 15 마침내 연합군에 무조건 항복하게 됩니다.


As you may know, 3 days after Hiroshima, another atomic bomb named ‘Fatman’ was dropped in Nagasaki, Kyushu. Japan’s resolution to continue to wage the war was completed broken by those 2 atomic bombs. Japan announced its unconditional surrender to the Allies on 15 August 1945.




 분은 배호용 할아버지의 부인 김의선 할머니입니다  친할머니죠.

할머니는 당시 서른  살의 젊은 나이였습니다할머니는 처참한 화상을 입고 돌아온 이웃마을 사람에게 히로시마에서 벌어진 일을 들었지만 시코쿠로 징용을 나간 할아버지가 히로시마에서 돌아가셨다는 말을 믿을  없었습니다할머니는 홀로 어린  아들과 함께 혼란한 해방정국과 한국전쟁으로 이어지는 파란만장한 현대사를  몸으로 겪으며 끝끝내 돌아오지 않는 할아버지를 58 동안 기다렸습니다그러다가 나이들고 병들어 말년엔 치매에 시달리다가 91세의 나이로 세상을 떠났습니다.

그날 할머니는  날카로운 턱선을 하고서 함박웃음을 지으며   활짝 벌려 마중 나온 미남 할아버지와 천국에서 재회하는 서른  살의 젊은 여인이 되었을 것입니다.

이런 종류의 에피소드는 대한민국 전역에 넘쳐납니다.


And she is my grandmother. Mr. Bae Ho Yong’s wife.

She was 33 years old when she heard about her husband’s death. She couldn’t believe it. So, she decided to wait for the husband’s return anyway for long time for nothing. She elbowed her way with her 2 children throughout the Korean contemporary history like Korean war, couple of military coup d‘etat, all those economic and political turbulences. But she still waited for her husband for 58 years. She contracted dementia at her old age and eventually passed away when she was 91 years old.

I believe that, on that day, in the happy heaven, that good looking young husband with the sharp jaw line welcomed his patient and loyal wife with arms wide open and broad smile on his face.

You can find the similar stories in any family in Korea. Most of Koreans share more-or-less same experiences during the Japanese occupation era.

 



저의 가족사를 말씀드린 것은  같은 사람들을 포함해

한국인이라면 누구나

일본인에게 또는 일본때문에

무언가를 또는 소중한 누군가를

잃은 적이 있음을 말하려는 것입니다.

  이제 나라와 나라 사이의 이야기를 하겠습니다.


Once again, I can say that Every single Korean family has pretty much similar stories like this Respectively. They have lost someone they love or something precious by Japan or because of Japan during the occupation.

 



 민족감정의 문제를 말하려면 한국을 일본을 둘러싼 동아시아의 근대사와 현대사를 조금  필요가 있습니다당시 서양문물을 받아들인 일본은 급속한 산업혁명을 이루면서 스스로를 아시아 속의 유일한 유럽국가 부르며 아시아의 패권을 쥐려는 열망을 품었습니다.


Now it is about matters between countries.

In order to tell you about Korean national sentiments toward Japan, I need to tell you a bit about history of East Asia. Japan was the 1st Asian country to absorb western ideas and achieve the industrial revolution. So, Japan became wealthier, stronger and much more ambitious to hold the hegemony of Asia to rule it.

 



  경과는 이와 같습니다.

  19세기 중반 메이지 유신을 통해 전국을 천황 밑으로 통합시키고 국력을 키운 일본은 19세기말 청일전쟁과 20세기  러일전쟁에 승리하면서 동아시아의 패권을 쥐었습니다 과정에서 1910 한국을 병합해 식민지로 만듭니다하지만 한반도 만으론 만족하지 못한 일본은 중국과 동남아를 탐내다가 마침내 1937 중일전쟁을 시작했고 1941년엔 진주만 폭격과 함께 태평양 전쟁을 일으켜 동남아에서 서구 세력들을 격파하고 태국베트남말레이시아싱가폴필리핀인도네시아를 차지합니다물론  전쟁은 앞서 언급한 것과 같이 1945 8 15 일본의 패망으로 막을 내립니다.


After Meiji Restroration in middle of 19th Century, Japan won a couple of major wars again Qing’s hina and Russia. With those victories, Japan became more confident and more ambitious. Japan managed to take over sovereignty of Korea, then Chosun in 1910 and expanded its influence all over China and southeast Asian countries. As part of 2nd World War, Japan invaded China in 1937 and also made a surprise attach at the Pearl hoarbor, Howaii, to start the Pacific War.

Of course, as history observed, all those wars and overseas occupations ended up with Japan’s surrender in 1945.



 2 세계대전의  축인 태평양전쟁에서 일본은 그림에서 보는 것처럼 빨간  부분을 공격해 점령했습니다.


During the 2nd world war, Japan was one of Axis Powers against Allied powers. At the peak of the war, Japan occupied huge territory in Asia marked with red colour on the map.

 




  시기에 한국은 물론 인도네시아도 일본에게 점령됩니다.

  한국은 1910년부터 1945년까지 36년간인도네시아는 1942 2월부터 1945 8월까지 3 반을 일본에게 점령됩니다그래서 한국인들은 같은 경험을 가진 인도네시아에게 한국인들이 일본에게 가지고 있는  같은 감정을 기대하곤 합니다하지만 한국과 인도네시아의 점령은  기간  아니라 성격 역시 완전히 달랐습니다그러니  나라가 일본과 일제 강점기에 대한 감정 역시 다를 수밖에 없습니다.


Korea had been occupied by Japan since 1910 for 36 years while Indonesia since 9 March 1942 for 3.5 years. So many Koreans often expect that Indonesian should have the same sentiments against Japan as they do. But the nature of the occupation was totally different between Korea and Japan. So the national sentiment toward Japan also different accordingly.

 

 



 그렇다면 일본은 한국과 인도네시아에게 각각 어떤 나라였을까요일본은  나라에서 전쟁물자와 인력을 조달하기 위해 수탈을 자행했지만  나라 강점의 성격은 전혀 달랐습니다.

  한국에게는

-          반드시 싸워 이겨야  

-          점령자이자 압제자

-          한국 군대와 정부를 해산시킨 원수

-          태평양전쟁 패전의 나락에서 한국전쟁 특수를 통해 경제부흥을 이룸

  일본에게는

-          숙적 네덜란드를 격파한 영웅이자 독립을 위한 희망

-          해방군이자 우군

-          PETA, HEIHO  훗날 인도네시아군(TNI) 근간이 되는 군사조직 구성

-          인도네시아 독립정부 구성을 지원

-          일부 일본군은 인도네시아와 함께 독립전쟁에서 네덜란드에 맞서 싸움.

  물론  모든 것엔 일본 자국의 이익을 위한 치밀한 계산이 깔려 있었지만 어쨋든 한국에겐 한없이 밉기만  일본이 인도네시아인들에게도  밉지만은 않은 것입니다.


Japan exploited all available manpower and resources from both countries. But the nature and direction of the occupation were strikingly different.

 

For Korea

       An enemy to fight back

       An invader and oppressor

       Japan disbanded Korean Army

       Japan disbanded Korean government

       Korean war helped Japan to resurrect

For Indonesia

       A hope to crush Netherlands

       A liberator and ally

       Japan made PETA, HEIHO

       Japan helped Indonesia to organize the government

       Some fought for Indonesia

 

Even though Japan arranged all those things for their own benefit, they eventually worked out as benefits of Indonesia. So, It is natural that Indonesia and Korea have different sentiment from ea h other about japan’s role in their respective histories.




  당시 한국과 인도네시아를 포함해 일본에 점령당한 국가의 국민들은 가혹한 수탈과 압제에 고통받아야 했습니다그것은 당시 동남아 각국에서 일본군의 포로가  유럽인들도 마찬가지였습니다인도네시아에는 연합군 포로 8  외에  10 명의 민간인들이 억류되었고 그들이 억류된 인도네시아 각지의 수용소에서 기아와 학대질병 등으로 사망률이 30% 육박했습니다.


All those occupied countries including Korea and Indonesia suffered from severe exploitation and oppression by Japan. It was also true for European war prisoners as well as Western civilians except German, another member of Axis Powers. There were more than 80 000 war prisoners and more than 100,000 civilian detainees in concentration camps all over Indonesia. Their death rate by starvation, physical abuses and diseases was upto 30%.

 



  그중 가장  알려진 유적지는 중부자바 암바라와에 있습니다당초 네덜란드군의 빌렘요새로 알려졌던 이곳은 일본강점기에 일본군 병영으로 쓰였고 현재 인도네시아군 기갑부대가 주둔하고 군형무소도 요새의 일부를 개조해 사용하고 있습니다여기 유럽 민간인들도 억류되었고 그림 왼쪽의  쓰러져가는 건물은 당시 일본군 위안소로 사용되었습니다이곳에서 인도네시아인유럽인 여성들이 일본군의 성노예가 되었고 한국의 꽃다운 처녀들도 이곳에 끌려왔습니다그들  대부분 자의로 또는 타의로 고국에 돌아가지 못했습니다.


 One of the most notorious concentration camps was in Ambarawa, Jawa Tengah. It was Willem Fortress originally built by Dutch. Currently armored calvary of TNI is stationed nearby and part of the construction is used as a military prison. During the Japanese occupation era, European civilians were detained there and a sex slave camp was also installed there. Indonesian and European females were taken there as sex slaves to satisfy sexual desire of Japanese soldiers. Some of Korean girls were also taken there to serve that purpose. Many of them were never able to return to their homes.




   세계를 상대로 전쟁을 하던 일본은 중국과 동남아시아남태평양 전선 가까이에 군위안소를 설치하고 한국과 아시아 점령지에서 일자리를 준다고 속여 데려오거나 강제로 끌고온 여성들을 일본군의 성노리개로 만들었습니다억류 유럽인 여성들도인도네시아 여성들도 예외가 아니었습니다물론 위안부 중엔 일본에서 돈을 벌러 나온 매춘부들도 있어 동남아여성들의 대장노릇을 하곤 했습니다그래서 오늘날 일본 극우들은 당시 점령지에서 끌려온 위안부들이 돈을 벌러  매춘부들이라고 폄하하고 있는 것입니다.


  Japan called them ‘comfort Women’ but nature of what they had to do was to be used by soldiers as sex slaves. Japanese recruiters often deceived girls by offering a job at a factory or simply kidnapped them to send to sprawling sex slave camps near battlefield. Japan took girls from all those occupied countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Korea, Philippines and they were guarded tightly to prevent their escape from the facilities. There were also Japanese prostitutes who voluntarily followed the army to earn money. They usually managed other innocent Asian girls who were not prostitutes.

 




   사진은 위안소 앞에  서서 자기 차례를 기다리는 일본군들의 모습입니다지역에 따라 차이가 있겠지만 위안부들은 하루에 많을 때엔 30명에서 50명의 일본군을 상대해야 했고 폭력과 질병에 시달렸습니다.  위안소는 전선 가까이에 있었으므로 이들  많은 수가 폭격이나 전투로 목숨을 잃었고 열악한 환경과 질병에 희생되기도 했습니다.


 This picture shows Japansese soldiers queuing at the sex slave camp. Some of girls should deal with 30 to 50 men a day. Under dirty and dangerous environment, many of girls died of diseases, starvation, violence by the soldiers and even by bombing and shelling of Allied forces.

 

 


  일본 패망  살아남은 위안부들을 일본군은 현지에 버리고 가기 일쑤였습니다자기들 살기만자기들 귀국하기만이 우선이었지 성노리개로 삼았던 점령지 여인들에겐 어떤 배려도 하지 않았던 것입니다그래서 수많은 위안부들이 중국과 동남아에 버려져 스스로  길을 찾아야 했고 그중 상당수가 결국 돌아오지 못하고 현지에서 남은 생을 살아야 했습니다또한 일각에서는 성노예를 운용했던 인권유린의 현장을 감추기 위해 멀쩡한 위안부들을 살해하고 암매장하여 증거를 없애기도 했습니다.

  당시 한국의 수많은 10 소녀들이 위안부로 동원되었습니다어떤 이들은 영문도 모르고 끌려갔고  어떤 이들은 공장에 취직시켜 준다는 말에 속아 남태평양의 일본군 위안소까지 가게 되었습니다국가가 통째로 일본에게 36년간 강점당했던 한국의 피해는 더욱 컸습니다.


After the pacific war ended, Japanese army often left those sex slaves behind when they were extracted back to Japan. Japan didn’t give any consideration to those girls. Many Korean sex slaves were also abandoned in China or Southeast Asian countries. They were on their own and had to survive for themselves. Humiliated and exhausted, many of them couldn’t make it back to their home country. And there are also evidences that Japanese army killed those girls and buried collectively to conceal the evidences of their human right abuses or just to save the cost.

 



많은 시간이 흐른  1991 부터  위안부 피해자(김학순 할머니) 증언으로 일본군 성노예 문제가 한국과 일본 사이의 중대 이슈로 떠올랐습니다그동안 일본은 일본군 성노예와 강제징용 노동자 문제  태평양전쟁  벌어진 전쟁범죄인권문제에 대해 대체로 사과하는 입장이었지만 2012 아베 신조  총리가  번째 집권하면서부터 일본정부는 모든 전쟁범죄를 부인하는 쪽으로 기조를 바꾸었습니다.

그런 가운데 일본군 성노예 문제에 대한 일본 사과를 요구하는 수요집회가 1992년부터 주한 일본대사관 앞에서 열리기 시작해 지금까지 계속되고 있고 2011 12 14 평화의 소녀상이 일본 대사관을 바라보는  건너편에 세워졌습니다 소녀상은 일제에 위안부로 끌려갔던 조선의 앳된 소녀를 상징합니다.


After many years passed, a testimony of Korean victim of Sex Slave for Japanese Army at a Japanese court drew attention. Sex Slave matter and the request for apology and compensation became a very important and sensitive issue between Korea and Japan since then. Japan had generally accepted their responsibilities on those war crimes like Sex slaves and forced laborers until Abe Shinzo became Japanese prime minister for the 2nd time. Abe’s administration started to deny all the charges on the war crimes.

A weekly rally asking for Japanese apology on Sex slave matter started to be held in front of Japanese Embassy in Seoul, Korea since 1992 until now. And Koreans also built and set the statue of Peace in front of Japanese Embassy on 14 Desemver 2011. This statue is a symbol of those Korean teen girls who were taken by Japanese Army as sex slaves.

 



소녀상은 많은 상징과 의미를 담고 있습니다 소녀상 자체는 일본군에 끌려가던 시절의 위안부 피해자들의 앳된 모습이고 허리가 굽은 할머니 모습의 그림자는 그분들의 오늘의 모습입니다그림자  가운데의  나비는 이미 돌아가신 분들의 한을 표현하고 소녀의 어깨 위에 앉은 작은 새는 세상을 떠난 할머니들과 오늘의 우리들을 이어주는 연결고리입니다.


The statue of peace contains various symbols and metaphors. Statue itself is a young female teen standing for those who were taken by Japanese army. The shadow of a old woman with bent back shows time laps between then and now. Empty chair means the vacancy made by death of victims of old ages. You can sit there next to the statue of peace.

 



 소녀상은 이제 일제 강점기 한국의 아픈 역사를 보여주는 하나의 상징으로 자리잡았고 한국인들의 사랑과 관심을 받고 있습니다사람들은 비가 오면 동상에게 비옷을 입혀주고 겨울이 오면 털모자와 털목도리를 둘러줍니다그것은  당시 지켜줄  없었던 할머니들을 위해 한국인 후손들이   있는 최선이기도 합니다.


 This statue is regarded as symbol of those victims so that most of Koreans love and take care of it. When it rains, we put an raincoat on it. When winter comes, we put a muffler and knit cap on it. That is how we show our homage and respects to those girls who already became very old aged women. We didn’t have our own country so those girls could not be protected by the country.

 



  그래서 한국과 일본 사이에 역사인식문제가 불거질 때마다 일본 대사관  소녀상은 각종 시위의 중심이 되곤 합니다 소녀상은 한국 전역에 100 이상 세워졌고 미국을 비롯해 해외에도 세워지고 있습니다물론 일본은 전력을 다해 소녀상의 해외설치를 막고 있습니다그래서 일제강점기 당시 똑같은 위안부 피해를 입었던 인도네시아에도  소녀상은 아직 세워지지 않고 있습니다.


So whenever Koreans have history problem with Japan, demonstrations are often organized with this statue at the center. We already have more than 100 pcs of this statue all over Indonesia. There are some overseas including USA. Still, however, there is no statue of Peace in Indonesia yet.




당시 아마도   명에 달했을 위안부 피해자 생존자들은 이제 불과 20 남았습니다.  이들은 일본의 진정어린 사과와 배상을 요구하고 있지만 대부분 90 이상 노령이고 매년  숫자는 급속히 줄어들고 있습니다자연법칙에 따라 저분들의 날은 얼마 남지 않았습니다패망  74년간 진정한 반응을 보이지 않았던 일본에게 가장 쉬운 처신은   최대 10년쯤  묵묵부답으로 일관하는 거겠죠그럼 나머지 생존자들도  이상 존재하지 않게  것입니다.

하지만 그게 정말 올바른 해결책일까요줄어드는 위안부 생존자들의 숫자는 일본의 짐을 덜어주는 것이 아니라 한국에게  이상 일본의 과거사를 용서할  없게 만드는 시점을 향한 카운트다운입니다저분들  마지막  사람까지 일본의 사과와 배상을 받지 못한  돌아가신다면 한국은 과연 일본의 위안부 범죄를 용서해   있을까요?


Perhaps there had been tens of thousands of sex slave victims in Korea. But Now we have only 20 of them left. They are mostly more than 90 years old. The number of victims si being diminished rapidly every year. They are asking for apology and proper compensation from Japanese government but they have not gotten any tangible responses.

The diminishing number of victims is actually kind of countdown to the point where no forgiveness toward Japan’s war crimes is not available anymore.

 

 




 그러다가 뜬금없이 2015 12 28 한일 위안부문제 합의가 이루어집니다일본은 여전히 잘못을 인정하지 않지만 10억엔을 출연하는 것으로 문제를 마무리짓고 소녀상도 철거해 달라는 것이었습니다말하자면 성노예들이 매춘부였다고 한국이 인정하는 대신 일본은 배상금이 아닌 기금을 출연하고 한국이  돈으로 위안부 피해자들을 위한 사업을 한다는 내용이었죠피해자 당사자들의 동의를 전혀 얻지 못한  합의에 일본과 한국 박근혜 정권은 기뻐했지만 대다수 한국 국민들은 기뻐하지 않았습니다위의 도표처럼 찬성은 불과 25% 였고 거의 60% 한국국민들이  합의를 반대했습니다.


 There was an agreement over Sex Slave matters in 2015. Japan agreed that they would pay certain amount of money but still Japan didn’t accept their war crimes. Most of Korean people especially victims themselves didn’t accept those terms. 

 



그리고   주에 걸친 촛불시위가 서울 한복판 광장을 비롯한 한국전역에서 벌어졌고 결국 박근혜 대통령은 헌재결정으로 파면됩니다국민의 뜻을 거스른 정권을 국민들이 끌어내린 것입니다.


But 1 year later, there happened candle revolution against Park Geun Hye government. Park Geun Hye was eventually pulled down from her presidency by people power.

 

 



그리하여 탄생한 현재의 문재인 정권은  일방적인 위안부 합의를 인정할  없었습니다이에 대해 일본정부는 한국인 합의를 깬다고 강력히 항의했고 고노 다로 일본 외무상은 한일관계 악화를 거론하며 한국을 위협하기에 이릅니다.


So, the agreement between Abe and Park Geun Hye is not workable any more with current Korean government. Japan is strongly against president Moon Jae In’s position on this matter.

 



한국과 일본의 관계가 악화일로로 치닫고 있던 2019 8 1 일본 아이치현 나고야에서는 아이치 트리엔날레 2019’라는 문화행사가 열렸고  일환으로 표현의 부자유전- 라는 전시회가 있었습니다여기 평화의 소녀상도 출품되어 일본인들의 호의적 관심을 받았지만 현지 지방정부는 테러위협 받았다는 이유로 사흘만에  작품의 전시를 중단시켰습니다.

일본 민간과 시민단체들은 대체로 호의를 보였지만  일본 정부를 태평양전쟁 당시 자신들이 저지른 전쟁범죄를 절대 인정할  없었던 것입니다.


In the middle of the historical and economic conflicts between Korea and Japan, an art exhibition was held in Nagoya, Japan on 1 Aug 2019. To our surprise, the Statue of Peace was also invited to meet Japanese citizens. Basically we understand that Japanese citizens have wider and deeper understandings and acceptability than their government. But that exhibition of that statue was stopped by Japanese authority 3 days after the exhibition started. Cover story was there has been a terror threat. As matter of fact, however, Japanese authorities do not accept their war crime evidence was displayed in Japan.

 



 태평양 전쟁  일본의  다른 인권유린행위는 강제징용이었습니다인도네시아에서는 로무샤라는 단어로   알려져 있습니다.  일제 강점기 당시 일본군은 50  가량의 인도네시아인들을 강제 징발하여 수마르타버마태국  남양군도로 내보냈지만 전쟁과 기아폭력과 학살로 돌아온 이들은 얼마 되지 않았습니다.


Romusha is also another evidence of Japanese war crime during the Pacific War.

 



이런 사진들을  일이 있을 것입니다.  당시 수카르노가 이끄는 인도네시아 지도층은 일본을 네덜란드를 비롯한 서구열강에 대항하는 동맹으로 인식해 인력동원과 자원공급  전방위적 협력을 일본에 제공했습니다그래서 일각에서는 일제 강점기 동안 발생한 위안부와 로무샤들의 대규모 희생에 대해 수카르노에게 책임을 묻는 이들도 있었습니다.


They conscripted Indonesian people also as Romusha and sent them to Sumatra and other Eastasian countries to work for Japanese military purpose. Around 500,000 Indonesia men were taken by Japan but most of them could make their way back home. 




이러한 로무샤  강제징용 노동자 문제는 한국이 더욱 심했습니다역시 수십 만명의 한국 젊은이들이 탄광과 공장  일본의 전쟁수행을 위한 물자수급에 동원되었습니다.  서두에 소개한 저희 할아버지 배호용씨도 강제징용 노동자   명이었습니다이들 역시 학대와 기아에 시달렸고 저희 할아버지처럼 수많은 이들이 고국땅에 돌아오지 못했습니다.


Of course, Japan mobilized many Korean people as Romusha as well. Hundreds of thousand Korean man were forced to work for Japan in various places in Japan, China of Pacific Islands. As my grandfather, many of them died there or couldn’t come back.


 


이들 강제징용자들의 이야기를 담은 <군함도>라는 영화도 2017 개봉된  있습니다송중기소지섭황정민 등이 출연했고 인도네시아에서도 <Battleship Island>라는 제목으로 CGV 시네마스에서 상영되었습니다.


There was also a film <군함도> which means ‘Battleship Island’, a notorious site for forced laborers. You can find 송중기, 소지섭, 황정민 in this film.

 

 



   영화는 나가사키 인근 해저탄광이 있는 하시마 배경으로 합니다 형태가 군함을 닮아 군함도라 부르는   밑으로 탄광이 있고 많은 한국인들이 이곳에 끌려가 강제노동을 하다가 목숨을 잃었습니다.


This is the real battleship island, Hashima, model of the film. Below the island, there is a huge coal mine where so many Korean forced laborers lost their lives.

 

 



평화의 소녀상과 마찬가지로 강제징용 노동자상도 2017 말부터 한국에 세워지기 시작했습니다하지만 노동자상은 소녀상보다 여러가지 어려움을 겪으며 아직  군데 세워지지 못한 상태입니다그만큼 일본의 반발이 심하다는 뜻이고 그때문에 한국의 해당 지방정부 입장도 난감하다는 뜻이겠죠.


Korea also made the Statue of Forced Laborer.

It is not so much popular as the statue of Peace because Japanese authorities are not happy with this statue and Korean authorities seems not to provoke Japan unnecessarily.

For me, personally, this is the statue of my grandfather.

 



강제징용 노동자   사람인 이춘식이란 분이 강제징용을 끌려간지 64년만인 2005, 80 되던 해에 당시 인권유린 주체였던 신일본제철에 손해배상을 요구하는 소송을 한국 법원에 냈고 13 만인 2018 10 마침내 대법원에서 승소했습니다.  하지만 그간 세월이 흐르면서 함께 소송을 냈던 다른  분의 할아버지는 먼저 세상을 떠나고 말았습니다이제 해당 전범기업은 손해배상을 해야  차례인데 아베 총리의 일본정부가 이를 막아서면서 한국과 일본은 역사문제로 충돌하며 관계가 흉흉해지기 시작했습니다.

 

이춘식 할아버지는 현재 벌어지고 있는 한국과 일본의 경제전쟁이 마치 자기때문인  같아 미안해 하고 계십니다하지만 분명 잘못을 저지른 측은 이춘식 할아버지가 아닙니다.


Mr. Lee Chunshik was forced labourer during Japanese occupation era.  He filed a lawsuit for compensation for his damage against a Japanese company where he was foriced to work during the Pacific war. 14 years later, he finally won the case in the supreme court of Korea but Japanese government ordered that company not to follow Korean court decision. Actually this is the ignition of Economy War between Korea and Japan which is underway now.

Mr. Lee said he was sorry because he became the direct reason for current conflict between two countries. Obviously, however, it is not his fault at all.

 




현재의 모든 한국인들은 일제 강점기 당시 죽임당하고 수탈당한 사람들의 아들이고 손자들입니다.


Every Single Korean now is the child or grandchild of those who were killed or tortured during the Japanese Occupation era.



 


 현재의 모든 인도네시아인들이 네덜란드 식민지시대와 일제 강점기그리고 독립전쟁을 경험한 선대들의 아들이자 손주인 것처럼 말입니다.


As every Single Indonesian these days is the child or grandchild of those who experienced Dutch Occupation, Japanese Occupation and Indonesia Independece War.




 그래서 다시 한번  부분을 강조하지 않을  없습니다.

한국인이라면 누구나

일본인에게 또는 일본때문에

무언가를 또는 소중한 누군가를

잃은 적이 있다는 것을 말입니다.



Once again, I have to say that Every single Korean family has lost someone they love or something precious by Japan or because of Japan during the occupation.

 

 

 


인도네시아 역시 누구나  일제강점기 당시 소중한 누군가를 또는 귀중한 무언가를 일본에게 또는 일본때문에 잃은 일이 있으신가요?


When about Indonesia? Has every single Indonesian family lost someone they love or something precious by Japan or because of Japan during the Japanese occupation era?

 

 


  아니면 인도네시아인들이라면 누구나 네덜란드 식민지 시절 소중한 누군가를 또는 귀중한 무언가를 네덜란드에게 또는 네덜란드때문에 잃은 일이 있으신가요?


Or has every single Indonesian family lost someone they love or something precious by Japan or because of Japan during the Dutch occupation era?

 



분명 한국과 인도네시아는 일제강점기라는 똑같은 시기를 거치긴 했지만 어딘가 닮은  전혀 다른 경험을 했습니다더욱이 인도네시아는 일본 패망 이후 독립전쟁을 거치면서 예전에 네덜란드를 도왔던 사람일본을 도왔던 사람심지어 일본군 출신들까지 모두 힘을 합쳐 네덜란드 군대와 싸우면서 진정한 하나로 거듭나는 경험을 했습니다하지만 한국은 중국에서 일본군과 싸우던 우리 독립군 부대가 귀국하기  한반도에 미국과 소련이 진출하며 국토가 두동강 나고 일본에 붙었던 이들이 이번엔 미국에 붙어 권력을 잡는 상황이 벌어졌습니다.



Korea and Indonesia had lived the same period and experienced, similar experience during Japanese occupation. But history afterwards made differences.

Indonesia waged the independence war agains Netherlands. All those who were once pro-netherlands or pro-Japan, or some Japanese themselves fought together again one enemy which was Netherlands. Through that experience, all of them were integrated into one Indonesia.

But Korea was divided into two by USA and Russia after the liberation from Japanese occupation.  Japan was supposed to be divided but Korea took the penalty instead. That’s another major misfortune of Korean people. All those who served Japan switched side to USA. Those pro-Japan not only survived Japanese defeat in the Pacific war but also kept their power by serving USA on the anti-communist line. 



그리고 한국전쟁이 벌어졌습니다일본에 부역했던 이들이 반공주의자로 자처하고 나서자 일제잔재를 청산하려는 세력은 반공주의자를 공격하는 공산주의자로 몰려 오히려 탄압받는 시절이 오래도록 계속되어 왔습니다.

그래서 어떤 의미에서 한국은 아직도 끝나지 않은 독립전쟁을 이번에야말로 마무리 지으려 노력하고 있는 것입니다.


And Korean war started between South and North Korea on behalf of USA and Russia. During the war and even after the war, anti-communism became the major motto of Korea for decades. Most of pro-Japan loyalists changed their name tag as anti-communists in the process. So, anybody who wants to blame those who served for Imperial Japan was easily charged as a communist who attacks anti-communist heroes. So, those who helped Japan to exploit Korea during the occupation successfully took the power in Korea under the cover of democracy and anti-communism.

So, in a way, Korean independence was not completely achieved at the end of World War II. Korean independence war against japan is technically still going on.

 


 


 독립전쟁의 최종적 목적은 일본을 물리치는 것이 아니라 한국과 일본 사이에 올바른 역사관을 바로 세우는 일이고 그리하여 한국과 일본이 좋은 이웃이자 진정한 협력자로 거듭나는 것이라 하겠습니다.


But the purpose of that independence war is not to crush Japan anymore.

Its purpose should be to build correct right perception and understandings over past history between two countries and, on the basis of the perception and understandings, to make ourselves a sincere neighbour and partner to each other.

 

 

 


물론 역사적으로 일본은 천년 이상 한국에게 그리 좋은 이웃이 아니었습니다옛날부터 일본 해적들이 한국 해안을 유린했고 1592 일본을 통일한 토요토미 히데요시가 일본 천자가 되겠다며 당시 조선에게 길을 빌려 달라는 명목으로 군대를 일으켜 대대적인 전쟁을 걸어온  있습니다임진왜란이라 하는 것입니다한국과 일본은 예로부터 수없이 충돌했습니다바로 옆나라이니 어쩔  없는 측면도 있습니다

하지만 현재 일본은 한국에게 가장 가까운 이웃나라이고 우방이며 협력국입니다그럼에도 불구하고 한국이 일본에 대해 역사문제로 못마땅해 하는 것은 단지 민족감정의 문제가 아닙니다그것은 독일과 일본의 차이점에서 찾아   있습니다.


To tell about the perception and understanding over past history, the easiest way is to compare Japan with Germany.

 



 2 세계대전 당시 연합국(Allied Powers)  맞선 추축국 (Axis of Powers) 독일이태리 일본이었습니다2 세계대전이 끝난  독일과 일본이 전쟁  범한 전쟁범죄에 대한 태도는 매우 극명한 차이를 보입니다.


Imperial Kingdom of Japan and nazi Germany were major member counties of Axis Powers during the World War II.

 

 


독일은 역사적 과오에 대해 끝없이 사과하는 매우 진솔한 태도를 보였습니다.


When it comes to Germany, they made endless and sincere apologies on what they have done during the war.

 



1970 12 7 독일총리 빌리 브란트는 폴란드 바르샤바의 게토수용소 반란기념비 앞에서 무릎을 꿇고 당시 나치 독일이 범했던 학살행위에 대해 매우 직접적이고도 시각적인 반성의 모습을 보였습니다.


German chancellor Willy Brandt kneeled in front of monument of Warsaw ghetto Uprising in Warsaw, Poland on 7 December 1970. on behalf German people, he showed his sincere repent and apology to the Jew victims and to the world in a very explicit way.

 

 


현직 독일총리 앙겔라 메르켈도 70여년  나치 독일이 저질렀던 전쟁범죄를 사과하는 데에 인색하지 않았습니다위의 사진은 2013 8 20 독일 다차우 지역 나치 집단수용소 유적지에 헌화하는 모습입니다이곳엔 2 세계대전 당시 20  넘는 유태인들이 수용되었고 43,000 이상이 살해된 곳입니다.


Incumbent German Chancellor Angela Merkel also has showed the same apologies and sincerity to the victims and neighbour countries. This picture shows her in front of wall of Dachau Concentration camp where more than 43,000 prisoners were murdered during the war.

 

 


2015 3 9 일본을 방문한 메르켈 총리는 이렇게 말했습니다. “이웃국가들이 독일에 화해의 손길을 내밀었는데 그것은 독일이 과거 역사를 제대로 바라봤기 때문입니다  독일은 국가 최고지도자부터 자신들의 과오를 진심으로 인정하고 반성하는 모습을 보여왔습니다나치 깃발을 게양하거나 나치독일을 찬양하는 것은 형법에 의해 처벌을 받도록 되어 있습니다독일은 오래 전에 과거 나치독일로 돌아가지 않겠다는 국가적 결단을 내렸고 이를 철저히 수행하고 있습니다.


In a lecture in Japan 2015, she told this to Japanese people.

 Neighbor countries extended their hands for reconciliation because Germany did not avoid the truth of past history

 

 



  독일 총리와 정치가들은 비단 2 세계대전  아니라  오래된 1 세계대전 당시의 과오도 반성하고 사과하는 데에 인색하지 않습니다.


German Chancellors and politicians keep apologizing what they did to other countries during WWI and WWII.

 

 

 



그럼 일본은 어떨까요?


Then what about Japan?

 

 

 


우선 전제를 두고 넘어가야 합니다.

이것은 일반 일본인들에 대한 이야기가 아닙니다우린 그들이 정상적보편적인 이웃임을  알고 있으며 아무런 악의도 갖고 있지 않습니다.


First of all, I have to say that this is not about general Japanese people.

We know they are good and innocent neighbours. Koreans don’t have any grudges on ordinary Japanese citizens.

 

 


이것은 아베 신조 일본총리를 비롯한 일본의 현재 극우 내각에 대한 것입니다그들은 이전 일본 정부와 매우 다른 모습을 보이고 있습니다.


This is about incumbent extreme-rightist Japanese government.

 

 



  우선 그들은 이렇게 말합니다.


  Their opinions are like these:

 

 

 


 그들은 2 세계대전 당시중일전쟁태평양전쟁에서 어떠한 전쟁범죄도 저지르지 않았다고 합니다 위에 있는 명명백백한 증거들에도 불구하고요.


They say there were no war crimes. 

 

 


  그들은 한국을 36년간 강점하여 식민지로 삼았던 것에 대해서도 합법적이었다고 말합니다합법적이었으니 사과할 것도 없다는 것이죠.  해방  20 되던 1965 6 22 당시 한국 박정희 대통령 정권은 전국민적 반대에도 불구하고 한일기본조약을 체결하고  결과 일본으로부터 청구권 보상금을 받습니다이는 국가 간의 청구권에 대한 것이지 일제 강점기 당시 개개인이 입은 불법적 피해에 대한 배상을 포함하지 않는 것임을 일본 정부도 인정하고 있었습니다그러나  아베 정권 들어 일본은 모든 배상은 1965년에 끝났다는 입장으로 선회했습니다그러니 이춘식 할아버지의 강제징용배상청구를 일본 정부가 나서서 막고 있는 것이죠.


They say their occupation of Korean peninsular was legal and legitimate.

 

 


 일본 정부는 위안부 성노예도 없었다고 합니다당시 일본군 위안소에 끌려갔던 한국인중국인인도네시아인태국인말레이시아인 처녀들이 모두 돈벌러  매춘부라는 것입니다.


They say there wasn't a single sex slave. They were volunteered prostitutes to earn money.

 

 


그리고 그들은 장제징용도로무샤도 없었다고 주장합니다그들은 모두 정당한 임금을 받으며 일한 계약직 노동자라는 것입니다한국과 인도네시아의 로무샤들 각각 수십  명씩 죽었는데 말입니다 그림 왼쪽 위의 글씨는 아까 등장한 군함도 탄광 벽에 한국인 노동자들이 써놓은 것들입니다어머니 보고 싶어요배고파요.  하지만 일본정부는  모든 것들이 합법이었다고 말하고 있습니다.


They say there was no forced labourer.

They were workers on wages.

 

The letter on the top-left picture is written on the wall of that mine in the battleship island. Those Korean letters mean : Mama, I miss you.  Mama. I am hungry. 

 

 

 

이렇게 독일과 일본은 전후 전쟁범죄에 대해 전혀 다른 태도를 보이고 있습니다.

독일은 한없이 사죄하며 당시 희생자들을 위로하는데 일본은 자신들이 범한 모든 전쟁범죄가 합법이었다고 하며설령 불법이더라도 모든 보상이 끝났으니 문제삼지 말라는 입장입니다.

더욱  차이는 군대에 대한 것입니다.

독일은 철저한 사과를 토대로 완전한 복권을 이루었습니다하지만 일본은 정식 군대를 가질  없습니다전쟁  만들어진 평화헌법의 조항 때문입니다아베 총리의 숙원을  헌법을 고쳐 일본이 다시 전쟁을   있는 국가로 만들려는 것입니다그들의 비공식부대인 자위대는 이미  엄청난 해군력을 보유하고 있습니다그런데  군대를 해외로 보내 전쟁을 벌일  있는 법적 토대를 만들려는 것입니다일본은 강력한 군사력을 갖출 때마다 가장 먼저 한국을 침공해 왔습니다그러니 과거 전쟁범죄에 대해 사과도 하지 않고 오히려 모든  합법적이었다고 주장하는 현재의 일본정권이 전쟁까지   있게 되는 것은 한국은 물론 아시아와 세계에 재앙이  지도 모릅니다.


So, German attitude and Japanese attitude toward the past history, especially their war crimes during the world war II are that much different from each other.

 

And it is very natural that Japan’s impudent attitude comes pretty much personal to Koreans because our parents were direct victims of their war crimes.  Japanese extreme rightist government officials say that they have done nothing wrong during the war.

 

 



그런데 총칼을 앞세우는 대신 경제력과 전략 물자(Strategic Commodities) 앞세운 전쟁이 이미 한국과 일본 사이에 벌어지고 있습니다.


And now there occurred a war between Korea and Japan.

It is an Economy war. Couple month ago, Japan invaded Korea with their formidable economic power and major strategic commodities.




이것은 앞서 언급한 강제징용 노동자의 손해배상 판결과 관련됩니다.

2018 10 30 한국 대법원이 일본 전범기업이 강제징용노동자 이춘식 할아버지에게 손해배상할 것을 최종 판결한  일본정부가 배상을 막자 한국정부는 해당 일본기업의 한국내 자산을 강제 매각해 대법원 판결을 집행하려는 조치를 취합니다그러자 그해 12 동해상에서 일본자위대 초계기와 한국군 함정이 대치하는 상황이 벌어졌습니다그러나 군사적 충돌은 벌어지지 않았어요 대신 2019 7 1 일본은 반도체 생산을 위한 핵심소재   가지의 수출허가를 제한합니다한국은 세계에서 가장 많은 고성능 반도체를 생산해 공급하는데   가지 일본소재 없이는 반도체 생산이 불가능해집니다일본의 경제적 침공이 시작된 것이죠 뒤이어 8 2 일본은 1,100여개 전략품목에 대한 한국수출규제를 강화했습니다한국경제에 갑작스러운 위기가 닥친 것입니다일본은 여러 다른 이유를 대지만 전쟁범죄 배상판결에 대한 보복에서 시작된 것은 자명한 사실입니다.


You can read this slide about how this war is going on.

In a word, Japan tried to cripple Korean semi-conductor industry because the semi-conductor industry is a cash cow for Korean economy.

 

 

 

 

 

반도체 생산을 위한   가지 핵심소재의 일본산 비중은 오른쪽 그림의 빨간  부분입니다저거 없이는 생산을 못한다는 의미인 것이죠.


This chart shows how Korean semi-conductor industry relies on Japanese key materials.

Japan made export of those 3 key materials for Korean semi-conductor industry very much difficult. Red part is what Korea has imported from Japan. That means Korean semi-conductor industry cannot go on without the supply of those Japanese key materials.

 

 


이러한 일본의 수출규제조치는 분명 한국에 타격을  것입니다하지만 일본에도 타격을  것입니다생산 물량 상당부분을 사가던 한국에게  이상 팔지 않을 경우 한국 대신 사갈 나라가 있어야 하는 거니까요그리고 만약 한국이 다른 공급선을 개발한다면 해당 소재를 생산하던 일본기업은 도산하게  것입니다그뿐만아니라 인도네시아와 전세계에도 타격을  것입니다반도체 공급이 급격이 떨어지면 전세계 IT 산업에도 여파가 미치겠죠신상 아이폰 가격이 치솟거나 각국 관련산업들이 어쩔  없이 영향을 받게  것입니다.


But Korea is not Korea 100 years ago which lost its sovereignty to Japan that easiy.

This Japanese regulation will badly hit Korean economy for sure.

But Korea will overcome it for sure as well.

In the meantime, this regulation will strike back Japan and world market as well.

Perhaps new i-phones will become very much expensive.


 

 

 

이를 해결하기 위한 노력이 벌어지고 있지만 아직은 어느 쪽도 양보하지 않고 있습니다일본은 저런 조치를 취하면 한국이 간단히 손들고 항복할  알았지만 한국도 일본에 나라를 뺏기던 100 전의 한국이  이상 아닙니다.

위의 사진은 지난 8 1 방콕에서 만난 강경화 한국외무장관과 고노다로 일본외무상이 아무 성과없이 돌아나오는 장면입니다.


Officials from Korea and Japan have met several times since that Japanese export regulation came into effect but still no tangible solution was found.

I am sure that Japan expects Korea to surrender immediately.  But that will not happen.

 

 

 

사태가 이렇게 흐르자 한국 민간차원에서 일본상품에 대한 불매운동이 일어나기 시작했습니다일본은 불매운동이 얼마가지 못할 거라 예측했지만 한국 소매점에서 일본 맥주들을 비롯한 각종 일본제품들이 매대에서 사라졌습니다사지 않는 것뿐 아니라 팔지도 않는 것입니다그리고 한국-일본간 항공기 운항편을 대폭 줄여야  만큼 한국인들은 위약금을 물면서도 일본여행을 취소했습니다.


And Koreans started not to buy Japanese products since the 1 July 2019 when that regulation was announced.

Now it became difficult to find Japanese products on the shelves of Korean supermarkets. Korean are cancelling their travels to Japan with paying significant amount of cancellation penalties. Number of air flights between Korea and Japan has been drastically diminished in the meantime.

Yes. Korean people are very angry again with Japan now.



 

 기반은 이렇습니다.  현대의 한국인들은 일제 강점기를 겪지 못한 이들이 대부분입니다그들은 독립운동을 하고 싶어도   없었죠그래서 불매운동의 모토는 이렇습니다 독립운동은 못했지만 불매운동은 한다.’  불매운동은 아무도 주도하지 않지만 민간차원에서 자연스럽게그리고 조직적으로 이어지고 있습니다.


Koreans are telling like this.

We couldn’t wage an independence war against Japan then. (because Japanese occupation was before their birth)

But we can do boycott Japanese products now.

 

 



그리고 더욱 정교합니다어느 제품을 사지 않을  팔지 않을  SNS 인터넷을 통해서로 정보를 공유하며 점점  참여하는 이들을 늘려가고 있습니다.


And this boycott is very specific and accurate.

You see all these Japanese brands which Koreans are not buying since 1 July 2019.

 

 

 

 사진의  사람은 한국 독립운동사에 가장 유명한 분들입니다왼쪽은 100년전인 1919 3 1 한국에서 벌어진 항일만세운동에 참여해 기꺼이 목숨을 바친 유관순오른쪽은 그보다 10 전인 2009 10 24 만주 하얼빈 역에서 일본 정치의 거두 이토 히로부미를 암살하고 뤼순 감옥에서 장렬히 처형을 맞은 안중근 의사입니다그들이 일본과 싸우던 심정으로 한국인들은 불매운동에 임한다는 것입니다.




하지만 한국과 일본의 국민들은 정부보다 더욱 이성적입니다.


As you may know, citizens of both countries are more discreet and wiser.




지난 8 6 서울 중구청은 자신들이 내건 No Japan 불매운동 깃발을 모두 철거했습니다이는 한국시민들의 반대에 부딪혔기 때문입니다시민들은 불매운동이 민간 주도이므로 의미있는 것인데 지방정부가 끼어들어 현수막을 내걸면 관제운동으로 오해될  있고 한일관계에 도움되지 않는다고 항의한 것입니다싸움을 우리가  테니 정부는 자기 일을 제대로 하라는 것입니다.


A local government office (Kecamatan) in Korea raised boycott Japan banner on the street early August but Korean citizens protested it and blamed the office. Those banners were removed immediately. Boycott Japan is purely civilian movement. Korean citizens don’t want Korean government to show any official hostility against Japanese companies or tourists.

As I told you, Koreans are angry with incumbent Japanese extreme rightist government, not with Japanese companies or general citizens.

 



시민들은 한국을 찾은 일본관광객들이 불쾌해  수도 있음을 지적했습니다기본적으로 한국인들은 아베정권의 조치에 저항하는 것이지 일반 일본인들을 혐오하거나 원망하는 것이 아닙니다.


Basically, Korean citizens have no grudges on Japanese citizens.

 



한편 비슷한 움직임을 일본에서도 찾을  있습니다평화의 소녀상 전시가 중단된  일부 일본시민모임에서는 미니어쳐 소녀상을 가지고 다니며 그녀와 함께 다니고 그녀와 얘기하자 운동을 벌이고 있습니다전시를 중단한 지방정부의 결정에 항의하는 것이죠대다수의 일본인들 역시 한일관계가 악화하는 것을 원치 않는다고 생각합니다.


There are also respectful Japanese citizen movements.

After the exhibition of statue of peace was stopped, some of Japanese citizens started to bring the miniature of the statue everywhere. They say “let’s walk with her, let’s talk to her”. It is how they protest against their government about the ban of the exhibition and how they show their respects and apologies to victims of their fathers’ war crimes. Koreans also sincerely respect them.

Basically, I believe that citizens of both countries don’t want the relationship to be deteriorated.

 



비록 일본 서점에는 한국을 비난하는 책들이 난무하고 거리에선 한국은 적이니 나가 죽으라는 과격시위가 벌어지고 있지만 모든 일본인들이 극우세력은 아닌 것입니다양국 정부가 역사문제로 경제전쟁을 시작했고 양국 국민들이 이로 인해 마음이 상했지만 그렇다고 해서 양국 시민들이 서로에게 적이  필요는 없는 것입니다.

대부분의 한국인들은 한국을 찾는 일본인들의 안전을 더욱 살필 것이고 대부분의 일본인들 역시 세계에  알려진 그들의 친절함과 사려깊음으로 한국의 입장을 이해하고 역사문제를 대할 것이라고 믿어 의심치 않습니다.


Even though we can find many slashing words and express of disgust against Korea at Japanese government and certain corners in Japanese society, still, not all Japanese are extreme rightists.

I am very much sure that Japan will come back to their normal self soon, which is generally kind and considerate for themselves and for their neighbours.

 



이런 역사적 사실과 현재 한일 경제전생에 대한 지식을 바닥에 깔고 양칠성을 다시 바라봅시다.


With above knowledge, now we look into Yang Chilsung

 

 


1995 그의 한국명 묘비가 세워질 때만 해도 주인도네시아 한국 대사관과 한국 동포사회는 이를 반기며 환영하는 분위기였습니다.


Until 1995 when Korean community and Korean embassy worked together to change Yang’s tombstone with the new one with his Korean name engraved on, we generally welcome him as one of our fellow citizens as well as Indonesian independence warrior.

 




각각 다른 국적의 이름  개를 가진 특별한 남자 양칠성.

하지만 한국인들 사이에 그에 대한 호불호가 생기는 이유는 그가 인도네시아 독립군에서 활동한 사실 때문이 아니라 일본과 관련한 그의 행적 때문입니다.

 

Nowadays, however, Korean sentiment on him has been a bit changed.

It is not because he fought for Indonesia, but because of his ties with Japan and Japanese fellows.

 



포로 감시원이었던 그는 어쩌면 연합군 포로들을 학대했을 지도 모릅니다하지만 가장 결정적인 문제는 어떤 문서에 그가 처형 직전 일본인 동료들과 함께 천황폐하 만세 불렀다고 기록되었기 때문입니다그래서 어떤 이는 그를 배신자라곧 하고 친일반역자라도고 합니다.

한편 마잘라 히스토리카의 취재에 따르면 그들이 머르데카 외쳤다는 전혀 다른 내용을 말합니다하지만 그가 최후로 어떤 말을 했는지 뭐가 그리 중요합니까인도네시아 독립군으로 싸우다가 독립투사로서 죽었다는 것이 중요할 뿐이죠그리고  개인적으로 그들이 아무 말도 하지 않은  묵묵히 죽음을 맞았을 것이라 생각하는 편입니다.

하지만 한국인들이특히 구설수에 오르기 싫은 공직사회에서 양칠성을 껄끄러워 하는 것은 그의 행적 때문입니다요컨데 그는 일본이 묻는 사람이라는 겁니다.


Tha mjor reason why Korean government does not officially welcome him or very reluctant to commemorate him is because of the rumor that he hailed ‘천황폐하만세’ just before he was executed by Netherlands army. I really don’t believe it, though. I don’t think he yelled “Merdeka” either. Perhaps he just accepted his death without saying anything on the execution site. As a matter of fact, what he says before execution is not important. Why should it be important? Most important thing is what he was.

But it still matters because he fought together with Japanese fellows.

That is the point why Korean people hardly can embrace Yang.

 



저는  세미나를 준비하면서 주인도네시아 대한민국 대사관과 양칠성의 연고지인 전라북도 도청에 양칠성에 대한 공식입장을 물었습니다대사관에서는 공식입장이 없다는 것이 공식입장이라 했고 도청에서는 구체적공식적 자료가 없어 공식입장을 정할  없다는 답변을 받았습니다양쪽 모두 양칠성을 비난하진 않지만 그렇다고 어떤 열의도 보이지 않은 것이죠.

양칠성을 항일투사로 인정해 달라는 것도 아니고 대한민국 훈장을 달라는 것도 아닌데 말입니다인도네시아 독립전쟁의 투사 양칠성은 대체로 한국 정부로부터는 소외받고 있는 것처럼 보입니다.


 Before this seminar, I tried to get official opinions from the embassy as well as from the governor’s office of Yang’s birthplace.

 

Read the Text.

 

Obviously it seems like Yang Chilsung is not much welcomed officially.

 

 

 

 

양칠성에게는 남양군도로 끌려와 그와 비슷한 길을 걸었을 수많은 조선인 학도병들과 군무원들의 삶이 투영되어 있습니다그는 분명한국인들에게는 실망스럽게도항일투사가 아니었지만 지금까지 설명한 것과 같이 일본과 일제강점기에 대해  시각차를 가지고 있는 한국과 인도네시아를 심정적으로 이어주는 매우 중요한 접점입니다.


The fact is this.

 

Yang Chilsung’s life and death reflects destiny of so many Koreans who were conscripted as Japanese soldiers, prison guards or forced laborers and sent overseas to China, Southeast Asian counties or pacific islands during World War II. To Koreans’ disappointment, he was not an independence warrior against Japan.  But he was an Indonesian independence warrior against Netherlands.

However, it is obvious that he is a very important junction or a connecting part between Korea and Indonesia which have very different points of view from each other over Japan and Japanese occupation era.

 

 


또한 일본이 경제력과 전략물자를 위두르며 한국을 공격해  오늘날일본인 동료들과 어깨를 나란히 하고 네덜란드군에 맞서 싸우다 인도네시아군 전우로서 한날 한시 함께 죽음을 맞은 양칠성은 일정한 조건이 충족된 상황에서 한국과 일본이 어쩌면 진정한 동료로 맺어질 수도 있는 사이였음을 시사하는  다른 접점이기도 합니다.


And.

 

Under current situation where Japan invaded Korea, wielding their economy power and strategic commodities, Yang Chilsung is still a very precious junction or connecting part between Korea and Japan. He fought together with Japanese fellows and died together with them. His life and death show that, under certain circumstances, with specific conditions fulfilled, Korea and Japan also can become sincere partners to guard each other’s back. Not enemy to each other anymore.

 

 



 사진을 보세요.

양칠성이 양칠성일  있었던 것은  곁에 아오키와 하세카와 같은 일본인 동료들과 빵에란 빠빡 부대의 유격대 동료들이 있었기 때문입니다아오키와 하세카와의 활약 뒤에 양칠성이 있었던 것처럼 말입니다그들은 전장에서 함께 싸웠고 함께 죽었습니다.

한국과 일본도 천년을 싸워온  또는 전략물자로 상대방을 위협하는 사이가 아니라 국제사회에서 진정한 우방으로서 서로  협력할  있는 동반자가   있기를 기원합니다.


Look at this picture.

Yang chilsung could stand there because he worked together with those Japanese fellows and friends in Pasukan Pangeran papak.

In the same context, Aoki and Hasekawa were also completed because of presence of Yang Chilsung on their side.

 

Perhaps they didn’t respect each other at first.

But, on the execution site, they already became the closest friends each other.

 

 


한국과 일본이 그토록 아웅다웅 다투고 있는지,

일본에 대한 한국과 인도네시아의 생각과 감정이 그리도 다른지,

오늘 시간을 통해 조금 설명이 되었기를 바랍니다.

 

경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.


Thank you very much for listening.